Understanding Crampons: Types C1, C2, and C3 Explained

As winter approaches and the mountains start to freeze, it’s time to think about your winter gear — and nothing is more essential for safety and performance than a reliable pair of crampons. Whether you’re planning a simple winter hike, a mountaineering trip, or tackling steep ice routes, choosing the right crampon makes all the difference.

In this guide, we’ll explain the three main types of crampons — C1, C2, and C3 — plus share our favorite models for winter adventures.

🧊 What Are Crampons?

Crampons are metal traction devices that attach to your boots, providing grip on snow and ice. They come in different designs and stiffness levels to suit various types of terrain and boots. Understanding the crampon grading system (C1–C3) and how it relates to your boot grade (B1–B3) is key to choosing the right setup.

🥾 C1 Crampons – Flexible and Versatile

Best for: Winter walking, glacier travel, and general mountaineering
Compatible boots: B1, B2, and B3

C1 crampons are the most flexible and beginner-friendly option. They’re designed to fit B1 boots, which don’t have special crampon welts. These crampons attach using tethered straps through plastic toe and heel baskets, making them easy to fit on most sturdy 3/4 season hiking or mountaineering boots.

They usually have 10–12 non-aggressive points, giving reliable grip without being too rigid. The flexibility makes them ideal for long days of winter walking or glacier trekking where comfort and movement matter most. They also fit B1 & B2 boots

🧗‍♂️ C2 Crampons – Rigid and Ready for Steeper Ground

Best for: Mountaineering, alpine routes, and moderate climbing
Compatible boots: B2 and B3

C2 crampons are a step up in performance and stiffness. The front of the crampon may have baskets or hybrid tethers to fit different boot shapes, while the rear features a clip or lever system that locks onto the boot’s heel welt (found on B2 and B3 boots).

With 12 points, including front points for steep or mixed terrain, C2 crampons are great for more technical routes. They’re stiffer than C1 models, giving better precision on steeper ground and improving edging performance on icy rock.

Pair them with a B2 boot for the perfect balance of warmth, stiffness, and flexibility. They also fit B1 & B3 boots

🧩 C3 Crampons – Technical and Precise

Best for: Technical ice climbing, mixed routes, and high-altitude expeditions


Compatible boots: B3 only

C3 crampons are the most specialized and rigid type. They attach securely at both ends with a toe bail and heel clip, locking into the front and rear welts of a B3 boot. This creates a super-stable platform ideal for precision placements on vertical ice and mixed terrain.

C3 crampons typically feature 12–14 aggressive points, including serrated front and secondary points for maximum bite on steep, frozen surfaces. If you’re climbing technical routes or heading to higher altitudes, these are the tools you want underfoot.

⚙️ Other Crampon Variations

Beyond the main C1–C3 range, there are several specialized designs to suit different winter sports:

  • Microspikes: Lightweight traction for icy trails and running.
  • Fell running crampons: Designed for speed and flexibility.
  • Ski crampons: Attach to touring bindings for better grip on ascents.

Each has a niche purpose — so choose based on your activity and conditions.

🔧 Our Favourite Crampons for Winter Adventures

Over the years, we’ve tested a lot of gear. Here are two of our go-to picks for reliable performance and durability:

  • 🟡 Grivel G12 – A true classic. Perfect for general winter mountaineering and climbing up to Grade IV. Sturdy, versatile, and easy to maintain.
  • 🟠 Petzl Darts – Lightweight and aggressive, these are our top choice for technical ice and mixed climbing.

🏔️ Final Thoughts: Choose the Right Crampon for Your Boot and Adventure

Matching the right crampon type to your boot grade is the key to both performance and safety in winter conditions.

  • If you’re mainly hiking or walking in winter, go for C1 crampons.
  • For steeper alpine routes, C2 is the sweet spot.
  • For technical climbing or frozen waterfalls, C3 is your best bet.

Before heading into the mountains, double-check the boot–crampon compatibility, ensure a snug fit, and practice fitting them at home. Once dialed in, you’ll be ready to move confidently and safely through winter terrain